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<title>Nile Delta toad</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nile Delta toad</span></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Nile Delta toad

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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>

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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><br><a href="Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibia</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Frog" title="Frog">Anura</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="True_toad" title="True toad">Bufonidae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td><a href="Amietophrynus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amietophrynus"><i>Amietophrynus</i></a>

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<td>Species:

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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. kassasii</b></i></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Amietophrynus kassasii</i></span></b><br><div style="font-size: 85%;">(Baha El Din, 1993)</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a>

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<ul><li><i>Bufo kassassii</i> <small>Baha El Din, 1993</small></li>

<li><i>Sclerophrys kassasii</i> <small>(Baha El Din, 1993)</small></li></ul>

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<p>The <b>Nile Delta toad</b> or <b>Damietta toad</b> (<i><b>Amietophrynus kassasii</b></i>) is a species of <a href="Toad" title="Toad">toad</a> in the family <a href="Bufonidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bufonidae">Bufonidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frost_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frost-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, where it is found from the Nile Delta to as far south as <a href="Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>. Its natural <a href="Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a> are <a href="Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a>, freshwater <a href="Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>, <a href="Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>, <a href="Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>, seasonally flooded agricultural land and <a href="Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> and ditches.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div>

<p>Between 1909 and 1912, several specimens of a small toad species were collected near Alexandria and were sent to the <a href="British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, where they were identified as <i>Bufo vittatus</i> (now <i><a href="Amietophrynus_vittatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amietophrynus vittatus">Amietophrynus vittatus</a></i>). No further specimens were found. In 1991, a new species of toad was discovered by Baha el Din near <a href="Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a> in the Nile Delta which differed in several particulars from <i>B. vittatus</i>, which is otherwise only known from the vicinity of <a href="Lake_Victoria" title="Lake Victoria">Lake Victoria</a>, and the original identification was called into question. The new species was described in 1993 as <i>Bufo kassassii</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Baha_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baha-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has since been transferred to the genus <i><a href="Amietophrynus" class="mw-redirect" title="Amietophrynus">Amietophrynus</a></i> becoming <i>Amietophrynus kassasii</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-frost_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frost-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>The Nile Delta toad is a small species, with females growing to a snout-to-vent length of 38 mm (1.5 in) and males to 34 mm (1.3 in). The upper surface is a greenish-grey colour with dark blotches between the eyes, on the shoulders and hips, and usually a thin white stripe along the spine. The underparts are white, sometimes with dark specks, and the hips can have dark red patches.<sup id="cite_ref-AmphibiaWeb_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmphibiaWeb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a long snout which is slender when viewed from the side, large distinct <a href="Tympanum_(anatomy)" title="Tympanum (anatomy)">tympani</a> (eardrums) and indistinct oval <a href="Paratoid_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Paratoid gland">paratoid glands</a>. The skin of the back is somewhat granular or may bear spiny warts, and that on the underside is slightly granular. The first finger of the hand is shorter than the second, most individuals have a red patch on the thigh, and males in breeding condition have an orange vocal sac. These and certain other characteristics distinguish this species from <i>A. vittatus</i> and from all other toads found in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Baha_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baha-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div>

<p>The Nile Delta toad was originally found in the Nile Delta in Egypt. It is a small, nocturnal aquatic species and is seldom seen, although its presence in an area may be known from the distinctive call made by the male. It occurs in swamps, rice fields and clumps of floating vegetation and has spread further upstream as reeds have become established along the margins of the River Nile and the canals associated with it. It is now present in Cairo and as far south as Luxor, where it is said to be abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-AmphibiaWeb_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmphibiaWeb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2></div>

<p>The Nile Delta toad has a total range of less than 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi), and although it is familiar in dense populations, it is rarely seen. But it has adapted to inhabit rice fields and cultivated land as well as its natural swampy habitat. It is present in several protected areas and faces no particular threats, so the <a href="IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> has listed it as being of "<a href="Least_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least concern">least concern</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmphibiaWeb_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmphibiaWeb-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Amphibian_Specialist_Group.2021" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/54678/179892870">"<i>Sclerophrys kassasii</i>"</a>. <i><a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2021</b>: e.T54678A179892870. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T54678A179892870.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T54678A179892870.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-frost-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frost_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frost_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFrost,_Darrel_R.2014" class="citation web cs1">Frost, Darrel R. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Amietophrynus/Amietophrynus-kassasii">"<i>Amietophrynus kassasii</i> (Baha El Din, 1993)"</a>. <i>Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0</i>. American Museum of Natural History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Baha-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baha_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baha_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaha_el_DinSherif_M.1993" class="citation journal cs1">Baha el Din; Sherif M. (1993). "A new species of toad (Anura, Bufonidae) from Egypt". <i>The Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa</i>. <b>42</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">24–</span>27. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F04416651.1993.9650367">10.1080/04416651.1993.9650367</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-AmphibiaWeb-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AmphibiaWeb_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmphibiaWeb_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmphibiaWeb_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTaha_Jabbar2009" class="citation web cs1">Taha Jabbar (2009-02-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Amietophrynus&where-species=kassasii">"<i>Amietophrynus kassasii</i>"</a>. <i>AmphibiaWeb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers2248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers2248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Amietophrynus kassasii</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972820" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q972820">Q972820</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Amietophrynus_kassasii/">Amietophrynus_kassasii</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id178530">178530</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/64935">64935</a></span></span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Bufo kassasii</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28929989" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q28929989">Q28929989</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10232901">10232901</a></span></span></li>

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